Human Rights and Refugees essay

Human Rights and Refugees essay Human Rights and Refugees essay Human Rights and Refugees essayThe current research proposal focuses on the analysis of the current situation in the refugee policy in Brazil compared to the general policies and practices applied to refugees internationally. The research proposal aims at the revelation of specificities of policies conducted by Brazil in relation to refugees and the integration of refugees into local communities in Brazil2 Objectives of the local integration projectThe major objectives of the local integration project is the integration of refugees arriving to the country, namely Brazil, into local communities, where they can start their normal social life.Local integration as a durable solution combines three dimensions:Firstly, it is a legal process, whereby refugees attain a wider range of rights in the host state.Secondly, it is an economic process of establishing sustainable livelihoods and a standard of living comparable to the host community.Thirdly, it is a social and cultural process of adap tation and acceptance that enables the refugees to contribute to the social life of the host country and live without fear of discrimination3 MethodologyThe current study will involve experts and professionals working in Brazilian government agencies, especially those responsible for immigration policies in Brazil. Experts involved in the study should have profound knowledge and understanding of refugee policies and practices at the international and local level, preferably with the experience of working in Brazil. Professionals working in government agencies should also be qualified and have sufficient experience to provide the competent information on the current refugee policies conducted by Brazil.4 General observations in relation to integration of refugees in Brazil  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4.1 National integration policy and international cooperationThe national integration policy is crucial for the integration of refugees into local communities. Countries are normally expected to int egrate refugees, who are seeking asylum on their territories. The international cooperation is essential for effective refugees policies because refugees have to move internationally and, even if the target country refuses from providing them with the refugee status, the country should not expose their life and health or those of their relatives to threat extraditing them to their home countries.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4.2 Respect of refugees’ rights and access to informationThe country conducting refugee policies should respect refugees’ rights and provide them with the access to information on their rights and liberties.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4.3 Language skillsAs a rule, refugees have poor language skills and may need the assistance of interpreter to maintain their communication with the authorities. The further integration of refugees normally involves language courses and development of basic language skills to facilitate the integration of refugees into local communities.     Ã‚  Ã‚   4.4 Resettlement needsRefugees face urgent resettlement needs because, as a rule, they arrive to the country, where they seek asylum without property and little, if any, money. In such a situation, the government or NGOs should provide refugees with assistance to help them resettle and start a new life in the new country.5 Country specific analysis and recommendations to Brazil  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5.1 IntroductionAt the moment, Brazil is one of the target destinations for refugees in Latin America. A large part of refugees arriving to Brazil are of Latin America origin as they flee from wars, political prosecutions, and violation of their basic human rights in their home countries. However, as a rule, refugees flee to Brazil in search of asylum to save their life and health or those of their family members. Refugees also arrive from Africa and Asia.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5.2 Legislation and documentsRefugees should have travelling visas to travel to Brazil, where they can claim f or asylum, while the decision on their status and further extradition or providing them with the refugee status is taken by the local authorities.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5.3 Educational qualifications of refugeesAs a rule, the educational qualification of refugees arriving to Brazil is low. They are either semi- or low-qualified employees working in agricultural sector mainly, although there are cases when well-qualified refugees may flee to Brazil, especially in case of political repressions in their home countries.5.4 Employment and employment servicesEmployment is a challenge for refugees in Brazil. As they have the low qualification they face the tight competition from the part of local employees. In addition, they may have poor language skills that deteriorates their competitive position in the labor market. Cultural differences between refugees and local communities can cause communication gaps. Therefore, they may have difficulties with employment and they need the assistance of emp loyment services in Brazil.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5.5 HousingRefugees face the housing problem because they have no real estate in Brazil and they do not have money to purchase or even hire dwelling. Hence, either the government or NGOs should provide them with the assistance to support for certain period until they get an opportunity to hire or buy their own dwelling.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5.6 Social benefits and pensionsOften, refugees are deprived of social benefits and pensions that Brazilian citizens can benefit from. In such situation, the government assistance and support from the part of NGOs becomes crucial for them.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5.7 HealthSimilarly to social benefits, health care services are also costly and often unavailable to refugees because they cannot cover costs of health care services. Therefore they rely heavily on the government support and NGOs, which can assist them providing them with basic health care services.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5.8 Legal counseling and capacity of NGOs As refugees seek for asylum in Brazil, they arrive to the country being unaware of specificities of the local legislation, especially refugee and immigration legislation. They are even unaware of their basic human rights and liberties, which they can exercise in Brazil. Hence, they need legal counseling and NGOs often provide them with such services.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5.9 Naturalization procedures/ citizenshipThe naturalization procedures and obtaining of citizenship in Brazil is complex but easier compared to well-developed countries, such as the US or Canada, for instance. On the other hand, Brazil cannot always afford providing asylum for refugees because of the lack of financial resources and funding of refugee programs.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5.10 Local community relationsRefugees in Brazil may face problems with local communities because they are outsiders and they need time and efforts to adapt to the life in the new socio-cultural environment, while many local community members view refugees as rivals in gaining social benefits granted by the government and rivals in the local labor market. In addition, the lack of language competence and cultural differences may create communication gaps but the local population is basically tolerant to refugees and immigrants.6 ConclusionThe current situation in Brazil needs the detailed study of refugee policies because refugees have multiple needs, which the local authorities and NGOs cannot always meet.

ACT Reading Test Questions, Content, and Scores

ACT Reading Test Questions, Content, and Scores Getting ready to master the ACT test? For those of you high school students who have decided to take the ACT as your college admissions test, and for those of you required to take it as a high school exit exam, youd better prepare yourself for the ACT Reading portion of the exam. The ACT Reading section is one of five sections upon which you will be during the ACT Test, and for many students, it is the most difficult. Not only will you need reading strategies to master it, you will need to practice, practice, practice! The other test sections are these: ACT EnglishACT MathematicsACT Science ReasoningThe Enhanced ACT Writing Test The ACT Reading Basics When you flip open your testing booklet to the ACT Reading portion, you will face the following:   40 questions35 minutes4 reading passages with 10 multiple choice questions following each reading passage.3 of the reading passages contain one long passage. 1 of the reading passages contains a pair of related passages.   Although it seems like it would be relatively easy to answer forty questions in 35 minutes, this test is difficult because you also must read the four accompanying passages or sets of passages in addition to answering the questions. Alone, or in pairs, the passages are roughly 80 - 90 lines in length.   ACT Reading Scores Just like the other ACT sections, the ACT Reading section can earn you between 1 and 36 points. The average ACT Reading score is about a 20, but your fellow test-takers are scoring higher than that to get into the really good schools. This score is also combined with the Writing score and English score to give you an ELA average score out of 36.   ACT Reading Skills The ACT Reading section does not test your memorization of vocabulary words in isolation, facts outside of the text, or logical skills. Here are the skills on which youll be tested, which are based on the reporting categories introduced in 2016: Key Ideas and Details: (approximately 22 - 24 questions) Finding the main ideaSummarizing  Making an inferenceUnderstanding sequence of eventsUnderstanding cause and effect relationshipsMaking comparisons Craft and Structure: (approximately 10 - 12 questions) Understanding  authors tone  Understanding  authors purposeAnalyzing characters points of viewUnderstanding vocabulary words in contextAnalyzing text structure Integration of Knowledge and Ideas: (approximately 5 - 7 questions) Analyzing and evaluating authors claimsDifferentiating between fact and opinionUsing evidence to connect texts ACT Reading Test Content So what will you be reading about? Good news! You will not have to interpret poetry. All the text on the ACT Reading section is prose. Whew, right? By the way, the information below is just for reference. As  stated before, you will not be held accountable for knowledge outside of the text, so you dont need to check out books from the library about this stuff. Just realize that you could be reading passages about one of the following subjects, so at least youll know what youre up against. Social Studies: anthropology, archaeology, biography, business, economics, education, geography, history, political science, psychology, and sociology.Natural Sciences: anatomy, astronomy, biology, botany, chemistry, ecology, geology, medicine, meteorology, microbiology, natural history, physiology, physics, technology, and zoology.Prose Fiction: short stories or excerpts from short stories or novels.Humanities: memoirs and personal essays and in the content areas of architecture, art, dance, ethics, film, language, literary criticism, music, philosophy, radio, television, and theater. ACT Reading Strategies Its imperative that you prepare for  ACT Reading strategies  for this test. Since youll have to answer 40 questions in just 30 minutes and read the four passages (either one long passage or two shorter, related passages), you will not have enough time to just go at it like you usually would in class. You must use some strategies before plunging in, or else you may only get to two or three of the passages! The link will take you to five reading strategies that can boost your score if you use them.   Thats about all you need to know about the ACT Reading section. Try your hand at the following reading comprehension worksheets to help prepare you for what you need to know!